Mit der Eroberung weiter Teile der Britischen Inseln kam es zu einer Verdrängung des Danelaw durch das eher römisch geprägte Recht, das die Normannen (zuvor auch mit der Sprache und Religion von den Franken angenommen) mitgebracht hatten; und an der Schnittstelle verschiedener Rechtssysteme kam es oft zu offenen Konflikten unter alten Waffenbrüdern.
Die normannische Kultur war ja überhaupt nur Sache einer kleinen kriegerischen Elite; und heute noch gibt es in England stolze Saxen, was immer das heißen mag. Dennoch ist noch zu erforschen, wieso heute noch genetische Marker der Normannen so rein erhalten sein können.
As J. F. Morgan
1 mentions ...:
page 126.
Residents in one place , even members of one family , were often under different lords. It is
common to find a man commended to one chief, and his wife commended to another Persons
page 127.
owing nothing more than commendation to their lord, were attached to the soke or hundred court of the King, or of another lord, as may be observed in Brungar’s case above given. There is sufficient evidence that these involved relations had led to much trouble and litigation in Norfolk and Suffolk, and it must have been found necessary, at an early period, to abolish personal commendation, and to make homage and tenure of land inseparable things.
The soke, or jurisdiction over the land, was liable to partition, but its nature did not admit of very minute division. The soke due at Kirkby, in Lincolnshire, was bipartite between the Bishop of Durham and Eudo the son of Spirewic (G. D. 359 b.). The dues and services of the men were the real subject of parti-
page 128.
tion: it was for the sake of these dues and services that men were given and bought and sold: nothing more than their service and taxation could be transferred: for although their commendation was the lord’s property — the men of a Saxon thane becoming the men of his Norman successor — they were, personally, as free as the infant wards who, in later times, were liable to be sold, or given away, by the Edwards and Henries.
“Soca”—socage land—is always distinguished from demesne land, inland, or thaneland. The Conqueror, directing that invaded lands should be restored to Ely Minster, says “Let those who hold theinlandes which undoubtedly should be held of the church, make the best agreement
page 129.
which they can with the Abbot ... let the same be done concerning those holding soc and sac” (Hist. Elien. 11. 120). These strange syllables “soc and sac” had a shade of difference in their meaning. Our ancestors were fond of alliteration, and some of their jingles are still used; for example, health and wealth, or wear and tear. Sac appears to be our common word sake, with the force of placitum or causa, and to mean the correction of offences, or power of imposing penalties.
page 130.
It may be well to state more distinctly the writer’s impression, that in Little Domesday a freeman commended generally means a men commended to one lord, with his land in the soke or jurisdiction of another; and that a soche | man was in the soke and under the commendation of a single lord. Lands held by sochemen were like terra villanorum inferior to thaneland, or demesne, and generally liable to the King’s geld”; but sochemen were superior to villeins: they were not merely free but might be lords of manors, notwithstanding their subordination. It is likely that they paid a feefarm rent. Nothing at this time, and until the statute called Quia Emptores Terrarum, forbade a gift to a man and his heirs with the reservation of a rent (Litt. §. 215. 216).
We may suppose that sochemen had acquired their lands by purchase from the lord of the manor”; and that, with regard to their lands,
page 131.
they were much in the position of persons who now hold estates which are entailed, or otherwise settled...
page 143.
Something ought to be said with regard to the laws of inheritance.
Before the Conquest, the sons of a deceased landlord were, in general, his equal heirs. On the claim between the Bishop of Durham and
page 144.
“Eudo filius Spirewic” the men of Horncastle Wapentake, with the assent of the whole Trithing, deposed, that three brothers, Herold, and Godeuert, and Aluric, divided the demesne land of their father equally and evenly; and that Herold and Godeuert alone divided the soke of their father without the third brother, and equally and evenly held it in King Edward s time (G. D. 375)..
Soon after the Conquest primogeniture became the rule of inheritance for lands held by military tenure: they were assimilated, in this respect, to the noble lands in Normandy; but for some time, as late as the reign of Henry 2. socage lands did not descend according to the rule of primogeniture. We learn this from Glanvill, who says: If a man having landed estate dies, leaving several sons, then enquiry must be made whether he has been a knight, at least a tenant by knight’s service, or a free sockman; because if he has been a knight, or a military tenant, then according to the right of the realm of England the son first born to the father will succeed him in the whole: if, however, he has been a free sockman, then the inheritance will be divided among all the sons (Co. Litt. 14 a.).
page 145.
Vavassories in Normandy were liable to partition but the parceners were not, all of them, in direct relation with the lord of whom the vavassory was holden. The lord had only to do with one, who was to collect the portions of rent due from all the others. As the parceners were considered to be sons of one father, he who answered to the lord for the entire vavassory was called aîné — the elder. They even came to give to vavassories the name of aînesses - elderships. This system was based upon the same principles as the tenure of noble fees by parage (Delisle 33).
page 146.
...In another case the eldership was alternated. The men of Calno | deshou Wapentac deposed, with the assent of the whole Trithing, that Siwate and Alnod and Fenchel and Aschil equally and evenly divided among themselves their father’s land in the time of King Edward; and so held it that, if need were, Siwate might go on warfare for the King, while the other brothers aided him. After him
page 147.
the next went, and Siwate with the rest aided him, and so of all. Siwate, however, was the King’s man (G. D. 375 b. 376).
Wie J. F. Morgan
1 erwähnt ...:
Seite 126.
Bewohner eines Ortes, sogar Mitglieder einer Familie, waren oft verschiedenen Herren unterstellt. Es ist Es ist üblich, dass ein Mann einem Häuptling unterstellt ist und seine Frau einem anderen Personen
Seite 127.
die ihrem Herrn nichts weiter als ein Lob zu verdanken hatten, dem Soke oder dem Hundertergericht des Königs oder eines anderen Herrn angehörten, wie man im oben erwähnten Fall von Brungar beobachten kann. Es gibt genügend Beweise dafür, dass diese verwickelten Beziehungen zu viel Ärger und Rechtsstreitigkeiten in Norfolk und Suffolk geführt hatten, und es muss in einer frühen Periode für notwendig befunden worden sein, die persönliche Anerkennung abzuschaffen und Huldigung und Landbesitz zu untrennbaren Dingen zu machen.
Der "soke", die Gerichtsbarkeit über das Land, war teilbar, aber seine Natur erlaubte keine sehr genaue Aufteilung. Die in Kirkby in Lincolnshire fällige Soke war zwischen dem Bischof von Durham und Eudo, dem Sohn von Spirewic (G. D. 359 b.), zweigeteilt. Die Abgaben und Dienste der Männer waren der eigentliche Gegenstand der Parti-
Seite 128.
Um dieser Abgaben und Dienste willen wurden die Männer verschenkt, gekauft und verkauft; nichts anderes als ihr Dienst und ihre Besteuerung konnte übertragen werden: denn obwohl ihr Verdienst Eigentum des Herrn war - die Männer eines sächsischen Thane wurden die Männer seines normannischen Nachfolgers - waren sie persönlich so frei wie die Mündel, die in späteren Zeiten von den Edwards und Henries verkauft oder verschenkt werden konnten.
"Soca"
"Socage land" wird immer von "demesne land", "inland" oder "thaneland" unterschieden. Der Eroberer, der anordnete, dass eroberte Ländereien an das Ely Minster zurückgegeben werden sollten, sagt: "Lasst diejenigen, die die Ländereien besitzen, die zweifellos von der Kirche gehalten werden sollten, die beste Vereinbarung treffen
Seite 129.
die sie mit dem Abt treffen können ... Dasselbe soll mit denen geschehen, die soc und sac halten" (Hist. Elien. 11. 120). Diese seltsamen Silben "soc und sac" hatten eine etwas andere Bedeutung. Unsere Vorfahren hatten eine Vorliebe für Alliterationen, und einige ihrer Sprüche werden immer noch verwendet; zum Beispiel Gesundheit und Reichtum oder Verschleiß und Abnutzung. Sac scheint unser gemeinsames Wort sake zu sein, mit der Kraft von placitum oder causa, und die Korrektur von Vergehen oder die Macht, Strafen zu verhängen, zu bedeuten.
Seite 130.
Es mag gut sein, den Eindruck des Verfassers deutlicher darzulegen, dass in Little Domesday ein "Freeman commended" im Allgemeinen einen Mann bedeutet, der einem Herrn unterstellt ist, mit seinem Land in der soke oder Gerichtsbarkeit eines anderen; und dass ein soche | man in der soke und unter der commendation eines einzelnen Herrn war. Ländereien, die von sochemen gehalten wurden, waren wie terra villanorum dem thaneland oder demesne untergeordnet und im Allgemeinen dem geld des Königs unterworfen"; aber sochemen waren den Leibeigenen überlegen: sie waren nicht nur frei, sondern konnten auch Gutsherren sein, ungeachtet ihrer Unterordnung. Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass sie eine Hofpacht zahlten. Nichts verbot zu dieser Zeit und bis zu dem Statut namens Quia Emptores Terrarum eine Schenkung an einen Mann und seine Erben mit dem Vorbehalt einer Pacht (Litt. §. 215. 216).
Wir dürfen annehmen, dass die Sochemen ihre Ländereien durch Kauf vom Gutsherrn erworben hatten"; und das in Bezug auf ihre Ländereien,
Seite 131.
sie sich in der Position von Personen befanden, die jetzt Ländereien besitzen, die verpfändet oder anderweitig geregelt sind...
Seite 143.
Es sollte etwas zu den Erbgesetzen gesagt werden.
Vor der Eroberung waren die Söhne eines verstorbenen Grundherrn in der Regel seine gleichberechtigten Erben. Bei dem Anspruch zwischen dem Bischof von Durham und
Seite 144.
"Eudo filius Spirewic" legten die Männer von Horncastle Wapentake mit der Zustimmung des gesamten Trithings dar, dass drei Brüder, Herold und Godeuert und Aluric, das Land ihres Vaters gleich und gleichmäßig aufgeteilt haben; und dass Herold und Godeuert allein den Hof ihres Vaters ohne den dritten Bruder aufgeteilt haben und ihn zur Zeit König Edwards gleich und gleichmäßig innehatten (G. D. 375).
Bald nach der Eroberung wurde die Primogenitur die Regel der Vererbung für Ländereien, die in militärischem Besitz waren: sie wurden in dieser Hinsicht den adligen Ländereien in der Normandie gleichgestellt; aber für einige Zeit, bis in die Regierungszeit von Heinrich 2. stammten die Sockelländereien nicht nach der Regel der Primogenitur ab. Wir erfahren dies von Glanvill, der sagt: Wenn ein Mann, der Landbesitz hat, stirbt und mehrere Söhne hinterlässt, dann muss untersucht werden, ob er ein Ritter, zumindest ein Pächter im ritterlichen Dienst, oder ein freier Sozius war; denn wenn er ein Ritter oder ein militärischer Pächter war, dann wird nach dem Recht des Königreichs England der erstgeborene Sohn des Vaters sein Nachfolger im Ganzen; wenn er jedoch ein freier Sozius war, dann wird das Erbe unter allen Söhnen aufgeteilt (Co. Litt. 14 a.).
Seite 145.
Vavassories in der Normandie waren teilungspflichtig, aber die Parzessionäre standen nicht alle in direkter Beziehung zu dem Herrn, dem die Vavassory gehörte. Der Herr hatte nur mit einem zu tun, der die fälligen Pachtanteile von allen anderen einzutreiben hatte. Da die Pächter als Söhne eines Vaters angesehen wurden, wurde derjenige, der dem Herrn für das gesamte Vavassory verantwortlich war, aîné - der Älteste - genannt. Sie kamen sogar dazu, den Vavassorien den Namen aînesses - Älteste - zu geben. Dieses System beruhte auf denselben Prinzipien wie die Verleihung von Adelsrechten durch Parage (Delisle 33).
Seite 146.
...In einem anderen Fall wurde die Ältestenschaft abgewechselt. Die Männer von Calno | deshou Wapentac legten mit der Zustimmung des gesamten Trithings fest, dass Siwate und Alnod und Fenchel und Aschil das Land ihres Vaters zur Zeit König Edwards gleichmäßig unter sich aufteilten; und hielten es so, dass, wenn es nötig war, Siwate für den König in den Krieg ziehen konnte, während die anderen Brüder ihm beistanden. Nach ihm
Seite 147.
ging der nächste, und Siwate mit den anderen half ihm, und so von allen. Siwate aber war der Mann des Königs (G. D. 375 b. 376).
--------------------
1JAMES F. MORGAN. M . A. ,ENGLAND UNTER DER NORMANNISCHEN BESATZUNG, EDINBURGH . 1858. (Seiten im Haupttext nummeriert)
FREEMAN1
same cause, other referent
page 785.
So again in p. 375 (of the GDB) there is an entry of lands in Lincolnshire which gives us a whole family history. A nameless Englishman T. R. E. had left three sons, Harold, “Godewert,” perhaps Godward, and AElfric. The land was equally divided among the three, but the soke,
page 786.
the judicial rights, passed, for whatever reason, to Harold and Godward only without AElfric (“
Herold et Godewert et Aluric diviserunt dominicam terrain patris sui aequaliter et pariliter, et solummodo Herold et Godewert diviserunt socam patris sui sine tertio fratre, et aequaliter et pariliter tenuerant eam T.R.E.
”).
Harold may have died during the reign of Eadward; Godward plainly did so, for at the time of Eadward’s death the soke was in the hands of the sons of Godward only. The witness of the men of Horneastle, confirmed by the whole wapentake, runs thus; “
Quod praedicti duo fratres sequaliter et pariliter habuerunt socae T.R.E.; sed eo anno quo isdem rex mortuus est filii Godewert habebant socam totam, sed nesciunt qua ratione eam habebat, utrum vi vel dono patrui sui.
” Here there can he no charge of actual violence. The men of the hundred merely say that they know not whether the sons of Godward held the soke by gift or bequest from their uncle or by any illegal means, and they use vis as the alternative to express any illegal occupation of any kind. All these details are brought in simply as evidence to decide the rights of two Norman competitors, who in this case were the Bishop of Durham and Eudo the son of Spirewic. From 359 b it would seem that Eudo had succeeded Harold and Godward—though their names seem there to be turned into Godwine and “Goneuuate”—and that the Bishop had succeeded AElfric. (No soke, 1:0 pro Eudo)
Gleiche Sache, anderer Referent
Seite 785.
So findet sich wiederum auf S. 375 (der GDB) ein Eintrag von Ländereien in Lincolnshire, der uns eine ganze Familiengeschichte liefert. Ein namenloser Engländer T. R. E. hatte drei Söhne hinterlassen, Harold, "Godewert", vielleicht Godward, und AElfric. Das Land wurde zu gleichen Teilen unter den dreien aufgeteilt, aber das Recht der Soke,
Seite 786.
die gerichtlichen Rechte, gingen, aus welchem Grund auch immer, nur an Harold und Godward ohne AElfric über ("
Herold et Godewert et Aluric diviserunt dominicam terrain patris sui aequaliter et pariliter, et solummodo Herold et Godewert diviserunt socam patris sui sine tertio fratre, et aequaliter et pariliter tenuerant eam T.R.E.
").
2
Harold mag während der Herrschaft von Eadward gestorben sein; Godward tat dies offensichtlich, denn zum Zeitpunkt von Eadwards Tod war die Soke nur in den Händen der Söhne Godwards. Das Zeugnis der Männer von Horncastle, bestätigt durch die gesamte Wapentake, lautet so: "
Quod praedicti duo fratres sequaliter et pariliter habuerunt socae T.R.E.; sed eo anno quo isdem rex mortuus est filii Godewert habebant socam totam, sed nesciunt qua ratione eam habebat, utrum vi vel dono patrui sui.
3" Hier kann es keine Anklage wegen tatsächlicher Gewalt geben. Die Männer der Hundertschaft sagen lediglich, dass sie nicht wissen, ob die Söhne Godwards die Soke durch Schenkung oder Vermächtnis ihres Onkels oder auf irgendeine illegale Weise besaßen, und sie verwenden "vis" (Macht, Gewalt, Muskelkraft) als Alternative, um irgendeine illegale Besetzung auszudrücken. All diese Details werden einfach als Beweismittel eingebracht, um die Rechte von zwei normannischen Konkurrenten zu entscheiden, die in diesem Fall der Bischof von Durham und Eudo, der Sohn von Spirewic, waren. Ab 359 b scheint es, dass Eudo die Nachfolge von Harold und Godward angetreten hatte - obwohl ihre Namen dort in Godwine und "Goneuuate" umgewandelt zu sein scheinen - und dass der Bischof die Nachfolge von AElfric angetreten hatte. (No soke, 1:0 pro Eudo)
--------------------
1 Edward A. Freeman, M.A., Hon. D.C.L. & LLD., The History of the Norman Conquest of England, its causes and results.
MACMILLAN AND CO., PUBLISHERS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD,London, 1876
2Herold und Godewert und Aluric teilten Besitz und Rechte ihres Vaters unter sich gleich und gerecht, und gleichfalls teilten Herold und Godewert die Gerichtsbarkeit ihres Vaters ohne ihren dritten Bruder, und hielten diese gleichermaßen und zu gleichen Teilen unter dem König Edward. (T regis Edwardis)
3
1
..
1.
SPIREWIC (-after 1086). m ---. The name of Spirewic’s wife is not
known. Spirewic & his wife had one child:
a)
EUDES (-before 1118). m ---. The name of Eudes’s wife is not known.
Eudes & his wife had one child:
i)
HUGH Brito or Hugh de Bretone [de Tattershall] (-before 1166). An
undated manuscript which records the foundation of Kirkstead abbey, Lincolnshire names “domino Hugone Britone…natione Brito…filium Eudonis dominum in
Tateshale" as the abbey’s founder, as well as "suis
successoribus…domino Philippo de Tatteshale et Elizabetha uxore eiusdem et
domino Roberto et domina Alicia uxore eiusdem et domino Roberto milite strenuo".
Another manuscript records the foundation of Kirkstead abbey, Lincolnshire in
1139 by “domino Hugone Bretone…natione Brito…cujus nomen Brito in Hugonem
filium Eudonis domini de Tateshale mutatur", that "Hugo filius
Eudonis et Hugo filius Pincionis fuerunt fratres sacri", that the
former had "filium et hæredum…Robertum filium Hugonis" who was
succeeded by "Johannes filius eiusdem Roberti et hæres" who
had "fratrum…Robertum et…filium et hæredum…Walterum", the
last-named being succeeded by "alius Walterus filius et hæres primi
Walteri" who was in turn succeeded by "Robertus filius et
hæres eiusdem Walteri".
"Hugo filius Eudonis" donated land in Great Sturton to
Kirkstead abbey, with the consent of "Roberti filii mei", by
charter dated to [1140/50] witnessed by "Alano de Creun, Waltero et
Andrea filiis meis…".
A charter of King Henry II dated to [1155] confirmed the property of Kirkstead abbey,
including by "Hugonis filii Eudonis et Roberti filii eius" who
confirmed a donation of land in Aby and South Thoresby donated by "Willelmus
filius Otueli avunculus meus" to Greenfield priory, Lincolnshire by
charter dated to [1166/75] witnessed by "Simone de Bello Campo…".
m ---. The name of Hugh’s wife is not
known. Hugh & his wife had [five] children:
(a) ROBERT [de
Tattershall] (-before 1185).
A manuscript records the foundation of Kirkstead abbey, Lincolnshire in 1139 by
“domino Hugone Bretone…natione Brito…cujus nomen Brito in Hugonem filium
Eudonis domini de Tateshale mutatur", that "Hugo filius
Eudonis et Hugo filius Pincionis fuerunt fratres sacri", that the
former had "filium et hæredum…Robertum filium Hugonis" who was
succeeded by "Johannes filius eiusdem Roberti et hæres" who
had "fratrum…Robertum et…filium et hæredum…Walterum", the
last-named being succeeded by "alius Walterus filius et hæres primi
Walteri" who was in turn succeeded by "Robertus filius et
hæres eiusdem Walteri".
- see below.
(b) ROGER [de Tattershall]
(-before 1199). "Roberto filio Hugonis et Rogero fratre eius, Isabella
uxore Roberti filii Hugonis, Philippo et Roberto et Rogero filiis eius, Waltero
filio Walteri filio Hugonis, Gaufrido capellano" witnessed the undated
charter under which "Willielmus de Dentuna" donated property
at "Langhage" to Kirkstead abbey.
"Robertus filius Hugonis" confirmed the donation of "bosco…Langhage"
by "Willielmus de Dentuna frater meus" to Kirkstead abbey by
undated charter, witnessed by "Rogero filio Hugonis, Isabella uxore
mea…".
"Walterus filius Hugonis" granted revenue from land in Kirky
on Bain to Kirkstead abbey, with the consent of "Walterii filii mei",
by charter dated to the reign of King Henry II witnessed by "Rogero
filio Hugonis, Waltero filio meo…".
"Rob de Tadeshal" paid a fine for "terre ex dono Rog
avunculi sui" in Lincolnshire, dated [1199/1200].
(c) WALTER [de
Tattershall] . "Hugo filius Eudonis" donated land
in Great Sturton to Kirkstead abbey, with the consent of "Roberti filii
mei", by charter dated to [1140/50] witnessed by "Alano de
Creun, Waltero et Andrea filiis meis…".
"Robertus filius Hugonis" confirmed the donations of land at
"Nortbeltesholm…" by "Hugo pater meus" to
Kirkstead abbey by undated charter, witnessed by "Gaufrido capellano,
Roberto presbitero de Martuna, Waltero et Andrea fratribus meis, Roberto filio
Symonis".
"Walterus filius Hugonis" granted revenue from land in Kirky
on Bain to Kirkstead abbey, with the consent of "Walterii filii mei",
by charter dated to the reign of King Henry II witnessed by "Rogero
filio Hugonis, Waltero filio meo…".
m ---. The name of Walter’s wife is not
known. Walter & his wife had one child:
(1) WALTER [de Tattershall]
. "Roberto filio Hugonis et Rogero fratre eius, Isabella uxore Roberti
filii Hugonis, Philippo et Roberto et Rogero filiis eius, Waltero filio Walteri
filio Hugonis, Gaufrido capellano" witnessed the undated charter under
which "Willielmus de Dentuna" donated property at "Langhage"
to Kirkstead abbey.
"Walterus filius Hugonis" granted revenue from land in Kirky
on Bain to Kirkstead abbey, with the consent of "Walterii filii mei",
by charter dated to the reign of King Henry II witnessed by "Rogero
filio Hugonis, Waltero filio meo…".
(d) ANDREW [de
Tattershall] . "Hugo filius Eudonis" donated land
in Great Sturton to Kirkstead abbey, with the consent of "Roberti filii
mei", by charter dated to [1140/50] witnessed by "Alano de
Creun, Waltero et Andrea filiis meis…".
"Robertus filius Hugonis" confirmed the donations of land at
"Nortbeltesholm…" by "Hugo pater meus" to
Kirkstead abbey by undated charter, witnessed by "Gaufrido capellano,
Roberto presbitero de Martuna, Waltero et Andrea fratribus meis, Roberto filio
Symonis".
(e) WILLIAM FitzHugh . "Robertus filius
Hugonis filii Eudonis de Tateshala" agreed to the transfer of
Kirkstead abbey to a larger site by charter dated to [1187] witnessed by "…Willelmus
filius Hugonis, Willelmus de Dentuna fratres mei, Willelmus filius Iuonis…".
(f)
[WILLIAM de Denton . "Robertus
filius Hugonis" confirmed the donation of "bosco…Langhage"
by "Willielmus de Dentuna frater meus" to Kirkstead abbey by
undated charter, witnessed by "Rogero filio Hugonis, Isabella uxore
mea…".
It is not known whether William de Denton was a full brother or uterine brother
of Robert FitzHugh. "Robertus filius Hugonis filii Eudonis de
Tateshala" agreed to the transfer of Kirkstead abbey to a larger site
by charter dated to [1187] witnessed by "…Willelmus filius Hugonis,
Willelmus de Dentuna fratres mei, Willelmus filius Iuonis…".]
ii)
[WILLIAM FitzIvo . "Robertus
filius Hugonis filii Eudonis de Tateshala" agreed to the transfer of
Kirkstead abbey to a larger site by charter dated to [1187] witnessed by "…Willelmus
filius Hugonis, Willelmus de Dentuna fratres mei, Willelmus filius Iuonis…".]
ROBERT [de Tattershall], son of HUGH Brito
& his wife --- (-before 1185).
A manuscript records the foundation of Kirkstead abbey, Lincolnshire in 1139 by
“domino Hugone Bretone…natione Brito…cujus nomen Brito in Hugonem filium
Eudonis domini de Tateshale mutatur", and that he had "filium
et hæredum…Robertum filium Hugonis".
"Roberto filio Hugonis et Rogero fratre eius, Isabella uxore Roberti
filii Hugonis, Philippo et Roberto et Rogero filiis eius, Waltero filio Walteri
filio Hugonis, Gaufrido capellano" witnessed the undated charter under
which "Willielmus de Dentuna" donated property at "Langhage"
to Kirkstead abbey.
"Robertus filius Hugonis" confirmed the donation of "bosco…Langhage"
by "Willielmus de Dentuna frater meus" to Kirkstead abbey by
undated charter, witnessed by "Rogero filio Hugonis, Isabella uxore
mea…".
"Robertus filius Hugonis" confirmed the donations of land at
"Nortbeltesholm…" by "Hugo pater meus" to
Kirkstead abbey by undated charter, witnessed by "Gaufrido capellano,
Roberto presbitero de Martuna, Waltero et Andrea fratribus meis, Roberto filio
Symonis".
"Robertus filius Hugonis filii Eudonis de Tateshala" agreed to
the transfer of Kirkstead abbey to a larger site by charter dated to [1187]
witnessed by "…Willelmus filius Hugonis, Willelmus de Dentuna fratres
mei, Willelmus filius Iuonis…".
m ISABEL,
daughter of WILLIAM FitzWalter de Welle of Wells and Claxby, Norfolk & his
wife Matilda de Gand ([1134/35]-after 1212). "Roberto filio Hugonis et
Rogero fratre eius, Isabella uxore Roberti filii Hugonis, Philippo et Roberto
et Rogero filiis eius, Waltero filio Walteri filio Hugonis, Gaufrido capellano"
witnessed the undated charter under which "Willielmus de Dentuna"
donated property at "Langhage" to Kirkstead abbey.
"Robertus filius Hugonis" confirmed the donation of "bosco…Langhage"
by "Willielmus de Dentuna frater meus" to Kirkstead abbey by
undated charter, witnessed by "Rogero filio Hugonis, Isabella uxore
mea…".
The Rotuli de Dominabus of 1185 records that "uxor Roberti filii
Hugonis…filia Willelmi filii Walteri de Welle" was 50 years old and
had "x pueros", and in a later passage names her “Elisabeth
que fuit uxor Roberti filii Hugonis” and her property "in
Meltesbi…de maritagio suo, de feodo Willelmi filii Walteri" whose
daughter he had married, with land "de honore Peverelli…terra…de
Toleshunt".
The Testa de Nevill records that in 1212 "Robertus de Tateshala"
held land "in capite de domino rege in Candluobi" in Lincolnshire which "Elysabet mater predicti Roberti…tenet in dote".
Robert & his wife had ten children:
1.
PHILIP [de Tattershall] (-[1197/1200]). "Roberto
filio Hugonis et Rogero fratre eius, Isabella uxore Roberti filii Hugonis,
Philippo et Roberto et Rogero filiis eius, Waltero filio Walteri filio Hugonis,
Gaufrido capellano" witnessed the undated charter under which "Willielmus
de Dentuna" donated property at "Langhage" to
Kirkstead abbey.
Sheriff of Lincolnshire 1197.
2.
[JOHN [de Tattershall] . A manuscript records that "Robertum
filium Hugonis" was succeeded by "Johannes filius eiusdem
Roberti et hæres", who had "fratrum…Robertum et…filium et
hæredum…Walterum", the last-named being succeeded by "alius
Walterus filius et hæres primi Walteri" who was in turn succeeded by
"Robertus filius et hæres eiusdem Walteri".
This affiliation appears disproved by the other primary sources which are
quoted below.]
3.
ROBERT [de Tattershall] (-before 6 Sep 1212). A
manuscript which records the foundation of Kirkstead abbey, Lincolnshire states
that "Robertum filium Hugonis" was succeeded by "Johannes
filius eiusdem Roberti et hæres" who had "fratrum…Robertum
et…filium et hæredum…Walterum".
"Robertus filius Stephani camerarii" confirmed a donation to
Kirkstead abbey of property in Swinethorpe by charter dated to the late 12th
century witnessed by "…Roberto filio Roberti de Tatersala…".
"Roberto filio Hugonis et Rogero fratre eius, Isabella uxore Roberti
filii Hugonis, Philippo et Roberto et Rogero filiis eius, Waltero filio Walteri
filio Hugonis, Gaufrido capellano" witnessed the undated charter under
which "Willielmus de Dentuna" donated property at "Langhage"
to Kirkstead abbey.
"Rob de Tadeshal" paid a fine for "terre ex dono Rog
avunculi sui" in Lincolnshire, dated [1199/1200].
"Robertus de Tateshale" donated revenue from "molendino
meo de Wyttun" to St Bees by undated charter.
The Testa de Nevill records that in 1212 "Robertus de Tateshala"
held land "in capite de domino rege in Candluobi" in Lincolnshire which "Elysabet mater predicti Roberti…tenet in dote".
King John confirmed "custodiam terre et heredum Roberti de Tateshal"
to "Willelmo com Arundel", reserving to the king "maritagium
Roes que fuit uxor eiusdem Roberti", by charter dated 5 Oct 1212.
m (1202 or before) as her first husband,
ROSE, daughter of SIMON de Wahull of
Odell, Bedfordshire & his wife --- (-before 5 Oct 1221). King John
confirmed "custodiam terre et heredum Roberti de Tateshal" to
"Willelmo com Arundel", reserving to the king "maritagium
Roes que fuit uxor eiusdem Roberti", by charter dated 5 Oct 1212.
She married secondly ([Sep 1213]) Robert de Lisle.
"Robertus de Insula" paid a fine to marry "Roes q fuit
uxor Roberti de Tateshal" in Canterbury, dated 1213.
The lands of "Rose who was the wife of Robert of Tattershall of the
honour of Richmond" were to be restored to "Robert de Lisle,
who later had Rose to wife" so that the testament of Rose may be
executed, dated [Oct] 1221.
Robert & his wife had children:
a)
children (-after 5 Oct 1212). King John confirmed "custodiam
terre et heredum Roberti de Tateshal" to "Willelmo com Arundel",
reserving to the king "maritagium Roes que fuit uxor eiusdem Roberti",
by charter dated 5 Oct 1212.
4.
ROGER [de Tattershall] . "Roberto filio Hugonis et Rogero
fratre eius, Isabella uxore Roberti filii Hugonis, Philippo et Roberto et
Rogero filiis eius, Waltero filio Walteri filio Hugonis, Gaufrido capellano"
witnessed the undated charter under which "Willielmus de Dentuna"
donated property at "Langhage" to Kirkstead abbey.
5.
WALTER de Tattershall
(-[1199/1200]). A manuscript records
that "Robertum filium Hugonis" was succeeded by "Johannes
filius eiusdem Roberti et hæres", who had "fratrum…Robertum
et…filium et hæredum…Walterum", the last-named being succeeded by
"alius Walterus filius et hæres primi Walteri" who was in turn
succeeded by "Robertus filius et hæres eiusdem Walteri".
This affiliation appears disproved by the other primary sources which are
quoted here. m (after 1186) as her
second husband, ISOLDA Pantulf,
widow of HUGH de Montpinçon, daughter of
WILLIAM [IV] Pantulf of Breedon-on-the-Hill, Leicestershire & his wife Joan
de Goldington (-after 1267). She married thirdly (before May 1200) as his ---
wife Walter de Baskerville,
fourthly (before 1213) Henry Bisset, and
fifthly ([1216/22]) as his second wife, Amaury [I] de Saint-Amand.
An order was made 12 Jul 1223 for the confiscation of land "formerly of
Isolda Pantulf, mother of…Robert of Tattershall" to repay her debt to
the king.
Walter & his wife had one child:
a)
ROBERT de Tattershall (-16 Jul
1249). A manuscript which records the
foundation of Kirkstead abbey, Lincolnshire states that "alius Walterus
filius et hæres primi Walteri" was succeeded by "Robertus
filius et hæres eiusdem Walteri".
An order dated 11 Jul 1223 suspended execution against "Robert of
Tattershall for the debt of Robert de Tattershall his grandfather".
The Pipe Roll 1223 includes land of “Ysouda de Baskervill Robert de Tateshal
pro ea...pro habenda hereditate et dote ipsius Ysoude” in
Warwickshire/Leicestershire.
A writ dated 28 Jul "33 Hen III", after the death of "Robert
de Tateshal" names "Sir Robert his son aged 26 is his heir",
noting that he died "on Friday before St Margaret last", and
listing his manors in Norfolk and Lincolnshire.
m firstly (before 1222) MATILDA
de Albini, daughter of WILLIAM de Albini Earl of Arundel & his wife
Mabel of Chester (-[1238/42]). The Annales Londonienses name "Mabiliam,
Nicholaam, Ceciliam et Isabellam" as the four daughters of "secunda…Mabillia…uxor
comitis de Arundelle", specifying that "Mabiliam"
married "Roberto de Tateshale".
m secondly (1242 or before) --- de Grey, daughter of JOHN de Grey & his wife
---. Robert & his first wife had children:
i)
ROBERT de Tattershall
([1222/23]-[Tattershall Castle] 22 Jul 1273). The Annales Londonienses
name "Robertum de Tateshale" as the son of "Roberto de
Tateshale" & his wife.
A writ dated 28 Jul "33 Hen III", after the death of "Robert
de Tateshal" names "Sir Robert his son aged 26 is his heir".
He inherited the castle and manor of Buckenhall, Norfolk on the death of his
maternal uncle.
A writ dated 16 and 19 Aug "1 Edw I", after the death of
"Robert de Tateshale alias de Tatheshale", names "Robert
his son aged 24 on the eve of St Nicholas in the said year is his next heir".
m (before 1249) NICOLE, daughter of --- (-after 30 May 1277).
Robert & his wife had children:
(a) ROBERT de Tattershall (5 Dec 1248-before 8 Sep
1298). A writ dated 16 and 19 Aug "1
Edw I", after the death of "Robert de Tateshale alias de
Tatheshale", names "Robert his son aged 24 on the eve of St
Nicholas in the said year is his next heir".
He was summoned to parliament in 1297, whereby he is held to have become Lord
Tattershall. m ([before 1268]) JOAN,
daughter RALPH FitzRandulf of Middleham & his wife Anastasia de Percy (-before
1 Apr 1310). A mid-15th century manuscript names "Mariam, Johannam"
as the children of "Radulphum filium Ranulphi" and his wife
"Anastasia filia Wilelmi domini de Percy", adding that Joan
married "domini Roberti Tateshale" but died childless.
- LORDS
TATTERSHALL.
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1 http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISHNOBILITYMEDIEVAL3T-Z.htm#_Toc351544665